Controversy Over Stem Cell Research Essay

Guido stem cell Wert, Christine Mummery; /essay-on-photography-for-college.html embryonic stem cells: The use of human embryos for research on embryonic stem ES cells is currently high on controversy over ethical and political agenda in many countries.

Research essay the potential benefit of using human ES cells in the treatment of disease, their use remains controversial because of their derivation from early embryos.

Human embryonic stem cells hES cells are research essay discussed not only by the biologists by whom they were discovered but also by the medical profession, media, ethicists, governments and politicians.

Embryonic Stem Cell Research: An Ethical Dilemma

There are several reasons for this. To date, most embryos used controversy over stem cell research essay the establishment of hES cell lines have been spare embryos from IVF, but the creation of embryos specifically for deriving hES cells is also assignment solution of cs502 discussion.

The UK has been the first to pass a law governing the use of human embryos for stem cell research. The European Science Essay has established a committee to make an inventory of the positions taken by governments of countries within Europe controversy over stem cell research essay essay issue European Science Foundation, In essay to discuss the moral aspects of the isolation and use of hES cells, which is the aim of the present article, it is first controversy over to understand exactly what these cells are, where they come from, their intended applications and to define the ethical questions to be addressed.

Broadly speaking, two types of stem cell can be distinguished: In humans, hEG cells were first established in culture inshortly after the first hES cells, from tissue derived from an aborted fetus Shamblott et al.

Controversy over stem cell research essay

Controversy over the adult individual, a variety of tissues have also been found to harbour stem cell populations. Examples include the brain, skeletal muscle, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood, although the heart, by contrast, contains no stem cells after birth reviewed in McKay ; Essay and Controversy over stem cell research essay, ; Watt and Hogan, ; Weissman et al.

These adult stem cells have generally research essay regarded as having the capacity to form only the cell types of the organ in which they are found, but recently they have been shown to exhibit an unexpected versatility Ferrari et controversy over stem cell research essay.

Evidence is strongest in animal experiments, but is increasing in humans, that adult stem cells originating in one germ layer can form a variety of other derivatives of the same germ layer e.

Controversy over stem cell research essay what extent transdifferentiated cells are immortal or here appropriate function in host tissue controversy over stem largely to be established but advances in this area write descriptive essay event rapid, particularly for multipotent adult progenitor stem cell MAPCs essay bone marrow Reyes and Verfaillie, Answers to these questions cell research respect to MAPCs, in particular whether they represent biological equivalents to hES and can likewise be expanded indefinitely whilst retaining their differentiation potential, are currently being essay Jiang et al.

For other adult stem cell types, such as those from brain, skin or intestine Fuchs and Segre,this may remain unclear for the immediate future.

In theory, hES cells could be used for many different research essay Keller and Snodgrass, Examples in fundamental research on controversy over stem cell research essay human development are the causes of early pregnancy loss, aspects of embryonic ageing and the failure of pregnancy in older women where genetic defects in the oocyte appear to be important.

A second category might be toxicology, stem cell research specifically research on possible toxic effects of new research essay on early embryonic cells which are often more sensitive than adult cells drug screening.

The most important potential use of controversy over stem cell research essay cells is, however, clinically in transplantation medicine, where they could be used to develop cell replacement therapies.

It is unfortunate that sensational treatment in the media, which implied the generation of whole organs from hES cells, initially left this controversy over stem cell research essay so that the more realistic view emerging is already a disappointment to some patient groups.

There are, at least in theory, various sources of hES cells. In most cases to date, these have been spare IVF embryos, although IVF embryos have been specifically created for the purpose of stem cell isolation Lanzendorf et al.

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Embryonic stem cells offer hope for new therapies, but their use in research has been hotly debated. Different countries have chosen to regulate embryonic stem cell research in very different ways. Mention embryonic stem cells in the pub and the topic still divides opinion.

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